What is the primary function of the nail matrix?

The primary function of the nail matrix is to produce new nail cells. The nail matrix is the tissue located under the base of the nail, beneath the cuticle, and it is the area where nail growth begins. The cells in the nail matrix undergo a process of keratinization, where they harden and form the visible hard part of the nail as they grow out. This continuous production of new cells is essential for nail growth, as it allows nails to lengthen and be maintained over time.

While nutrients are important for overall nail health and growth, they are not provided directly by the matrix itself but rather through the blood supply. The nail bed does indeed require protection, and the nail serves this purpose, but the nail matrix's specific role is centered around producing new cells for nail formation. Similarly, while anchoring the nail to the finger is important, the nail matrix is not directly responsible for this function; that role is primarily played by other structures in the nail anatomy.